VOCABULARY OF PHILOSOPHY

PSYCHOLOGICAL, ETHICAL, METAPHYSICAL

WITH QUOTATIONS AND REFERENCES

WILLIAM FLEMING, D.D.

FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW

FOURTH EDITION

REVISED AND LARGELY RECONSTRUCTED BY

HENRY CALDERWOOD, LL.D.

PROFESSOR OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH

NEW YORK: SCRIBNER AND WELFORD
743 AND 745 BROADWAY. 1890.

PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION

In preparing a new edition of Professor Fleming's Vocabulary of Philosophy, it has been found impossible to adhere to the plan adopted in last edition, of retaining the form in which the book came from the Author's hands. Such an interval has elapsed since his death, and so many important additions have been made to philosophic literature since that time, that a reconstruction of the work had become needful.

In undertaking the task of revision, the objects contemplated have been the following:—(1) to indicate variations in usage that have occurred in the history of philosophic terms; (2) to guide students in their use of a large library by ample references to the literature of the subject; (3) to meet urgent demands in course of study by selecting appropriate quotations from standard authors. In prosecuting revision with these objects in view, quotations have been withdrawn which seemed of secondary importance. Fully one half of the book is new, bringing it quite up to the date of publication.

An intention formed at the outset of showing in the text the new matter introduced was early abandoned, because of the risk of encumbering the page by constant reappearance of brackets.

Throughout the laborious work of revision, verification, and selection of extracts I have been very ably supported by Mr James Seth, M.A., whom I, with the consent of all concerned, appointed Assistant Editor. Mr Seth was Baxter Scholar in Philosophy in this University in 1881; became Ferguson Scholar in Philosophy in 1882, in competition open to all the Scotch Universities; and was Assistant to my colleague, Professor A. Campbell Fraser, Professor of Logic and Metaphysics. Mr Seth undertook revision of all the logical terms, and, besides continuous work over the whole book, has contributed occasional articles, marked with his initials. Since beginning the duties of Assistant Editor, Mr Seth has been appointed Professor of Mental Philosophy in Dalhousie College, Halifax, Nova Scotia.

In addition to the aid given by Mr Seth, I have had the advantage of revision of MS. and contribution of several articles, marked [J. W.], by my former Class Assistant, Mr James Weir, M.A., Vans Dunlop Scholar in Logic and Metaphysics, 1882; and I have had further valuable help in careful revision of proofs by my present Class Assistant, Mr William Mitchell, M.A., Vans Dunlop Scholar in Moral Philosophy, 1886. To these three gentlemen I tender publicly my warmest thanks for unwearied and efficient service in the preparation of the present edition, and in the endeavour to secure accuracy throughout the list of references.

HENRY CALDERWOOD.
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, December 24th, 1886.

The Editor will feel obligation to those using the Vocabulary if they report to him any error detected in the references.

PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION

The fact that the Vocabulary of Philosophy by the late-Professor Fleming soon passed through two editions shows that it has supplied a want felt by those entering upon philosophic study. Recognising this, I have willingly responded to the request to edit a new issue of the work.

My purpose has been to retain the book as nearly as possible in the form in which it came from the hands of Professor Fleming. Occasionally I have withdrawn some quotations, when their numbers seemed too large. Additional manuscript left by Professor Fleming has been carefully examined, and some part of the new matter has been introduced. Vocables have been inserted, the absence of which left a blank in a Vocabulary of Philosophy.

In only one thing have I thought it needful to depart from Professor Fleming's plan. I have ventured to introduce definitions of the leading vocables. These definitions constitute the new feature in the edition now published, and are enclosed within brackets, to indicate the portions for which I must be held responsible.

H. CALDERWOOD.
THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, 11th September 1876.

vocabulary of philosophy - william fleming - CONTENTS

VOCABULARY OF PHILOSOPHY PSYCHOLOGICAL, ETHICAL, METAPHYSICAL

VOCABULARY OF PHILOSOPHY

PSYCHOLOGICAL, ETHICAL, METAPHYSICAL